Programme

A follow-up to the presentation entitled ʻCreating a Corporate reference data management policy for the European Commissionʼ delivered at ENDORSE 2021. This presentation will highlight the work done since the last ENDORSE conference, the ongoing work on additional code lists, on reference data governance and management best practices, the challenges and the lessons learnt.

ShowVoc is the result of an ISA2 action, PMKI (Public Multilingual Knowledge Infrastructure), aimed at supporting enterprises and in particular the language technology industry with multilingual tools and features for improving cross-border accessibility of e-Commerce solutions through the creation of a public knowledge infrastructure.

ShowVoc combines traditional data provision based on LOD policies with functionalities supporting several end user activities (e.g. global search, navigation of dataset relationships, term translation), providing both a centralized data catalog and browsing platform provided by the Publications Office of the EUfor all datasets of the EU commission and a freely downloadable and installable open source solution for any organization needing the same features for their own data. Extensively integrated with VocBench, ShowVoc is another platform developed in the context of the ISA2 initiative towards Semantic Web resources development. ShowVoc complements VocBench with functionalities for content fruition, thus realizing together a fully-fledged Semantic Web ecosystem for data management and publication.

This presentation will briefly introduce the context in which ShowVoc has been developed and the characteristics of the platform, concluding with a look ahead at the further developments of the system.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has recently launched Caliper, a platform for the dissemination of statistical classifications based on semantic technologies. Originally conceived as an experiment to test the possibility of applying such technologies to the area of statistics, the project has now reached maturity and has grown to form a solid collaboration with the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

In our presentation we will report on the latest development of Caliper, with a special focus on non hierarchically-organized classifications (such as the Land Cover Classification System, LCCS, and the World Reference Base, WRB) modelling in RDF, and their use in semantically oriented information systems.

Following GDPR in establishing responsible data practices, the European strategy for Data creates an unprecedented vision of a single market based on data sovereignty. It is accompanied by the Data and Data Governance Acts, and the establishment of Data Spaces. However, along with benefits, these regulations also bring new challenges related to their effective enforcement.

To address these pragmatically ahead of time – we outline a paradigm shift in how legal requirements and enforcement is approached by using semantic vocabularies. We build on the foundations of existing efforts (e.g. GAIA-X, and others) – by focusing on the information necessary for achieving legal enforcement. We investigate how the changing landscape of technologically advanced ecosystems leads to handicaps in legal investigations and enforcement, and propose establishment of commonality in legal compliance information, and to not only build automated solutions, but to embed this within ‘data spaces’ to encourage legal compliance and responsible practices by design.

The work presents the outcome of W3C Data Privacy Vocabularies and Controls Community Group (DPVCG) over the past 5 years – the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) that provides extensive vocabularies to assist with GDPR. To create ‘legally-aware data spaces’, we extend the DPV to address new requirements from Data Act and DGA, and demonstrate how semantic vocabularies simplify tasks and achieve legal compliance at scale by simply focusing on documentation.

Further information about the research, findings, and extending DPV to address DGA and the Data Act requirements will be presented in the full paper.

Data sharing requires participants of a data space to be able to understand each other using a common language or vocabularies. The development of vocabularies is often organized collaboratively by business communities and delegated to a standards development organization (SDO) that publishes and maintains shared domain vocabularies, schemata and API-specifications. In the IDS Reference Architecture Model (RAM), this  is called the vocabulary provider, and the platform where communities publish and maintain shared vocabularies is called the vocabulary hub. The hypothesis that we address in this position paper is that a vocabulary hub should go a step further than publishing and managing vocabularies, and include features that improve ease of vocabulary use.

We propose a wizard-like approach for data space connector configuration, where data consumers and data providers are guided through a sequence of steps to generate the API-specifications for their data space connectors, based on the shared vocabularies in the vocabulary hub. Thereby bringing semantic interoperability to data spaces and enabling non-technical domain experts, i.e. people without training or experience in knowledge representation, to collaboratively design the required APIs in a matter of days. Our presentation highlights the importance of semantic interoperability for data sharing and demonstrate an implementation of such Vocabulary Hub.

Common European Dataspaces are at the centre of the European Strategy for Data. They are meant to harness the value of data for the benefit of the European economy and society. The creation of EU-wide common, interoperable dataspaces in strategic sectors is to overcome existing legal and technical barriers to data sharing and, as such, unleash the potential of data-driven innovation.

Text, audio and video are a large part of the data produced every day. However, such data need to be aggregated and organised for AI-based language services to process and extract relevant information. Hence, the creation of the Language Data Space.

This space will have two major work strands. The first will establish an institutional Centre of Excellence for Language Technologies (CELT) which will allow for the collection, creation, sharing and reuse of multimodal language data; whilst the second strand will focus on deploying the Language Data Space by supporting the deployment of large multimodal language models and a wide range of AI language technologies services to be offered through the AI on-demand platform.

There is currently no description of Linked (Open) Data solutions that would be comprehensive, user-friendly, extensible, accurate, and compliant with the Linked Data (LD) principles.

To overcome this issue the Publication Office of the EU launched a project, with the support of the European Parliament's Preparatory Action - Linked Open Data in the European Public Administration. Its goal is to create a knowledge model and technical solution for Linked (Open) Data landscaping.

The knowledge model, in the form of an ontology, has been created to collect the descriptions of solutions in a way that promotes discoverability and interoperability. In its pilot stage these included mostly EU LD solutions.

The catalogue of the Solutions will shortly become available via the European open data portal, data.europa.eu.

The Laces Library Manager is a web-based application that, amongst others, facilitates users in capturing standards (or specifications) as Linked Data in a user-friendly environment. Users are not required to be familiar with technical intricacies of Linked Data in order to work with the application and publish content as Linked Data.

The current demonstration will present the Specification Library workspaces of the application, which allow users to collaborate in capturing specifications in three ways: writing content manually, importing pre-existing structured data, and uploading PDF files in which users can select and annotate text segments. In the case of the latter, the application offers the means to extract specifications automatically through a Natural Language Processing pipeline. Specifications can subsequently be enriched by linking them to resources in ontologies or to other published Linked Data content, offering easy access to specifications through a relevant and meaningful context.

The application offers three distinct views on the content between which the user can switch freely: a PDF-view (if these are used as source material), a model view that relates specifications to relevant elements, and a tabular representation of the content. Tracing back specifications to their locations in source PDF files is part of the functionality of these workspaces, granting the user easy access to each specification’s context. Once specifications in the library are ready to be shared, the Specifications Library can be published and shared as Linked Data with the click of a button.

Public authorities worldwide provide a large number of Public Services (PS) to citizens, businesses and other authorities. In this context, they publish PS catalogues containing descriptions of these services, e.g., information about cost, required documents, contact details, etc.

Two main challenges in the design of PS catalogues are standardisation and interoperability. To address these challenges, the EU has developed the Core Public Service Vocabulary (CPSV), as the proposed EU standard for PS modelling. CPSV-AP is an application profile of CPSV that uses linked data as an underpinning technology to exploit its benefits, e.g., interlinking PS descriptions with each other and with other web of data resources. Despite its potential, however, there is only limited research on CPSV-AP use in practice.

The aim of this paper is to devise a process for using CPSV-AP and conduct a pilot implementation, using this process, to investigate potential benefits or challenges from CPSV-AP practical usage. In the framework of this pilot implementation, we publish a set of PS descriptions, included in an official PS catalogue, as CPSV-AP compliant linked data. The contribution of this paper is a detailed process for CPSV-AP use in practice and relevant lessons learnt. We anticipate this research will be beneficial to both academics working on PS semantic interoperability and practitioners aiming to migrate existing PS catalogues exploiting CPSV-AP.

This study aims to spot and measure the absences of AI tools and new technology methods that can enable the small entities of the EU (municipalities and regions) to collect and examine Public Service Data.

In addition, I have attempted to address the role of semantics, language and therefore the importance of AI within a different philosophical approach related mostly to A. Gramsci and the complexity of unity and intersectionality in human’s political activities and asprirations. This is an ongoing project and at this stage it can be considered as a discussion or a research on the ECPM and the use of Data in the European Parliament (EP) sourced from municipalities and regions).

As the EP has progressively gained powers in the last decades, the life of the institution has been marked by growing complexity and the quest for increased legitimacy. The management of information has been crucial to both, flowing in a double direction: committee specialization and ever-growing public outreach. Information as output derives legitimacy from public ownership. Direct elections and evergrowing powers have not automatically increased the legitimacy of the EP. Reaching out directly to citizens, both to inform and to be informed, has become an important battleground for legitimacy in transnational Europe.

Government legislation calls for greater levels of oversight and transparency are leading public bodies to publish their raw datasets online.

The availability and accuracy of public procurement data are essential to ensure transparency and accountability of public spending and fight against corruption. The European Data Strategy foresees a public procurement data space that will enable the sharing and analysis of data at both European and national levels.

For data to be shared in such a way, it is important that procurement experts have a common understanding of the concepts used to represent data, so as to ensure consistency in the datasets available in the data space. At the same time, data needs to be encoded in information systems in a consistent manner to enable complex querying, provide a basis for machine learning and linking data.

Ensuring the above is not an easy job. This is where the eProcurement ontology comes in. It provides both a model containing definitions of all the concepts and their relationships in a human readable format. The human readable model is then transformed into an open, structured and machine-readable representation format that can be used for data exchange, access and reuse.

The Publications Office of the EU provides both public procurement reference data and the eProcurement Ontology. The Ontology is created by stakeholder participation, which is open and free. By working together we ensure the ontology is clearly and accurately defined. Each member providing valuable input whether from the procurement domain or technical domain to ensure that the ontology meets the requirements of both worlds.

Data-driven devices such as smart lighting in cities or those used to optimise energy consumption in households based on the life pattern of individuals have become key in our society. There is a shift from centralised applications towards decentralised system-on-chip devices that processes the information on the edge.

The emergence of 5G will accelerate this process. This creates new challenges in terms of interoperability and data portability that must prevent users from losing control over their own data or creating a vendor lock-in. To cope with these challenges, we explore an approach using the decentralised Solid ecosystem, which is already successfully applied in client-server solutions that give users control over their own data. We have applied this method in the context of Smart Energy, specifically in a high-impact use-case related to Thermal Grids. This optimises the energy consumption of households based on personalised energy profiles processed by artificial intelligence on-the-edge and share this personal data selectively via the Solid protocol.

Our findings indicate that Solid allows rewiring the relationship between users and third-party service providers. We strongly believe that the insights from this edge-computing pilot can accelerate the challenges faced by citizens, businesses and governments that want to roll out hyper-personalised IoT services in an interoperable and GDPR-compliant way.

The underlying notion of the paper is to build on ‘machine processable legislation’, i.e., using ‘marking up legislation to enable computers to distinguish its part’ to ease the drafting of legislation.

At first, a status update on LEOS, the open-source software system for drafting legislation currently being rolled-out in the Commission. Specifically, attention will be drawn to inter-operability and the use of AKN4EU (a subset of Akoma Ntoso). Recent and planned developments will be highlighted.

Second, the  paper reports on the study conducted with the University of Bologna in 2021 on ‘Drafting law in the era of AI and digitisation’ (see Drafting legislation in the era of AI and digitisation | Joinup (europa.eu) and provide an update/contextualise. The three main notions developed in the study are:

• Law as a Platform, stressing the multi-disciplinary nature of the ‘LawTech’ domain,

• ‘Hybrid AI with human oversight’ advocating a white box approach which combines algorithmic with a data, a semantic web and document-driven methods, and

• An ‘IT eco-system with a smart LEOS at its core’.

Within the study four use cases were piloted:

• Data mining of corrigenda;

• Documenting the transposition and consolidation of EU law by Member States;

• Detecting derogations and transitory provisions; and

• Checking digital readiness.

Moreover, the study has identified some 20 smart functionalities to help drafting law.

Third, the paper discusses the importance of the above in the overall context of digital transformation of law-making in the EU and the challenges ahead.

Legal acts often undergo numerous amendments and corrections during their lifetime. To show which version of a legal clause is relevant at a given point in time, the Publications Office produces consolidated texts in all 24 official EU languages based on a selected date – either when the act enters into force or when it becomes applicable. However, corrigenda which correct an act with retroactive effect, conditional amendments, and different applicability dates of modifying provisions can make legislation difficult to understand because amendments and corrections can be both relevant and irrelevant at a given point in time, depending on the user’s perspective. Just like Schrödinger’s cat – both dead and alive at the same time.

To overcome this ambiguity, the Publications Office has used the semantic capabilities of the Akoma Ntoso OASIS Standard, as adapted to EU legislation requirements. In practice, a ‘MultipleVersions’ document is produced for each basic act that is modified combining the original content of the act and the text of all modifications as introduced over time. Each original and modified structural element is uniquely identified by the European Legislation Identifier (ELI), while detailed semantic annotation of each modification using controlled lists and reference data enable semantic interoperability and unequivocal machine processing. In this model, all possible dates of amendments and corrections are described in a dedicated metadata section. This allows to generate a ‘SingleVersion’ document based on the user’s selected date and type of date, which is the relevant consolidated text according to the user’s perspective.

At the Norwegian Maritime Authority (NMA) there was a need for replacing their legacy supervision system. The purpose of the new solution is to facilitate interaction between all stakeholders that are involved in ensuring that a vessel is compliant with relevant regulations.

The new implementation should rely on machine readable, linked data, reflecting current and historic regulations. We discover context and relationships in regulations using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, and transform these findings into RDF. In addition we also perform graph enrichment using tools as Reasonable Ontology Templates. All data models rely on the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL), not only for validation purposes.

We believe that the closed world aspect of SHACL is closer to real life problems as for legislation data, and this talk will demonstrate to you why.

Policy building depends on efforts that can include multistakeholder participation and effectiveness analysIt. It seems challenging to progress policy compliance without considering the embedded functional aspects due to the complexity associated with the various levels of policy engagement under a regime such as the EU.

In this respect, simulations have been used for decades to enhance policy engagement and train practitioners to permit policy testing and incremental developments.

This proposal is based on semantic analysis to absorb complexity and amplify the chances of crossnational impact towards EU member states, benefiting smooth policy guidance and an integrated community. For this, we propose that simulations can be part of policy-building schemes to promote a better common and integrated understanding of the concepts involved in an incremental policy process. Our primary focus is building simulations through a specific management software considering semantic interoperability as an essential variable.

Norms are used to guide, trigger, monitor, validate and enforce any behavior in society. Norms can be found everywhere: legislation, business contracts, ethical norms, agreements and more. Think of the GDPR, business contracts, ethics in health care, game rules, cookie requests and your occasional traffic fine.

Given the importance of norms, digitalisation should thus be able to handle norms. Digitalisation needs a norm engine that can model norms like laws or business contracts, can apply them to use cases, effect state changes under compliant behavior and handle violations. This should be available in a conscientious manner, offering auditability and explainability for every stakeholder and maintainability in the face of change. The norm engine should be able to handle disputes and conflict resolution in a transparent way. We will show that we can implement all this based on semantic web technology.

EUR-Lex Legal analysis methodology (LAM) defines and describes the use of metadata elements that are relevant for the legal and documentary analysis of the legal documents published in the Official Journal of the European Union and on EUR-Lex website. The attributes used cover the publication and descriptive metadata, both representing the legal data typical for the Legal Domain, but with a particular focus on EU Law and its specificities.
Additionally, LAM also defines classes of EU legal documents according to the hierarchy of norms in EU Law and provides a selection of metadata elements that are determinative or suitable for every class, incl. cardinality and values constrains.
The metadata elements employed by LAM refer to formal properties in the Common Data Model (CDM) of the resources published by the Publications Office. CDM is a FRBR based ontology described by using RDF(S)/OWL technologies.
This presentation informs about the project aiming to transpose LAM from a plain text into a formal LAM ontology (expressed in OWL2 language) and into a set of formal data shapes (expressed in SHACL language).
The goal is to (a) enable an easy access to LAM, quick navigation through its content and interactive maintenance by creating (for example) a standalone LAM web application, (b) checking the consistency of LAM where the model should be able to identify potential internal conflicts, (c) automatic validation of the document descriptions attributed by the legal analysis and (d) potential automation of the legal analysis process.
Concerning the last goal, LAM can substantially contribute to such automation, but only a real interoperability between LAM, CDM and proper markup ontology (AKN4EU), supported by additional involvement of other technologies (for example text mining) can lead to significant results.

The Re3gistry software is a reusable open-source solution for managing and sharing ‘reference codes’ through persistent URIs. Licensed under the EUPL, the European Commission Joint Research Centre started its development to satisfy the interoperability requirements set by the INSPIRE Directive, and continued supported under the ARE3NA and ELISE interoperability actions, funded under the ISA2 and currently the DIGITAL Europe Programme.

This presentation will show the audience how the Re3gistry software can be used to make reference codes available to the public in a few minutes, while ensuring a formal content management, even in complex governance settings.

Key functionalities of the system will be shown, such as the manual editing mode and batch import functionality, the traceability and versioning mechanism, groups and users management, streamlined content publication, API capabilities, and the different governance modes supported, including the recommended workflow to manage external contributions.

The National Data Management (NaDB) is a programme launched by the Swiss Federal Council to create the foundation for the implementation of the Once Only Principle. The long-term goal is to align the federal data landscape in such a way that persons and businesses will no longer have to report any information more than once.

Within this program, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO) is in charge of developing and maintaining an Interoperability Platform (IOP). The Interoperability Platform went live in its first version in mid-2021 and is continuously being developed and expanded. One of the aims of the platform is to provide a centralized metadata repository that facilitates the reuse of standardized nomenclatures. This use case will focus on the technical and organizational aspects needed to promote the harmonisation and reuse of standards.

Technically, nomenclatures are published in a DCAT catalog and made accessible via APIs. Our multilingual platform allows the reuse of concepts and nomenclatures as data elements to describe different kind of dataset structures. This explicitly shows which organisations are endorsing the standard nomenclature and what data is not yet harmonised and thus not interoperable.

For each organisation joining the platform, which could be both from the public and private sectors, we ask to nominate a Data Steward in charge of maintaining the concepts. Each nomenclature is attributed a status according to ISO 11179 to show its progress on the registration process, and can be promoted in accordance with the Swiss Data Steward.

The Pharma Industry has broadly adopted the notion of FAIR Data. However, FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) is seen very much in isolation and not so much in the context of a Digital Strategy driving the digital transformation in Healthcare and Life Sciences. FAIR applications, services and data are an indispensable prerequisite to becoming data-driven but the implied disruption of the way we work in Informatics based on FAIR ontologies, data schema definition and terminologies has not yet been perceived or even acknowledged. The technical transformation has to be complemented by a data culture based on data mastery and data literacy clearly defining ownership of data, data products and data related processes.

This presentation gives an overview of where we are in the journey as an industry and how we can get FAIR into the DNA of our organization to implement a 360 degree FAIRification of our data landscape. The presentation will cover both a business oriented perspective as well as required capabilities for reference data services.

The contemporary technological advancements have changed how people access and use information. These changes were necessitated by the introduction of the internet and the World Wide Web. Currently, most library users are interested in instant access to information and not the procedure, interested in prompt feedback and not procrastination. Semantic technologies seem to be a solution to the prevailing problem, however, the uptake has not been impressive among libraries. Semantic technologies can assist library users in prompt searching and retrieval of information with minimum bureaucratic procedures. Semantic tools ensure that every library search query is meaning defined, unlike with the conventional library systems.

This presentation discusses the importance of semantic technologies in public libraries and how these technologies can be implemented for easy-to-use tools and applications for public library users. The research paper explores the benefits of semantic technologies for searching and processing data in the everyday life of library users. In addition, the presentation sheds light on the challenges that public libraries may face when introducing semantic technologies to their users, as well as the social and cultural constraints that make their implementation elusive.

The European Single Procurement Document was introduced in the public procurement Directive 2014/24/EU to ease exchanges between buyers and tenderers.  The ESPD is a self-declaration whereby tenderers declare they fulfil exclusion grounds and selection criteria.  Only the winning tenderers need to provide documentary proof of eligibility.

The ESPD-EDM is the model that allows authorities to integrate the ESPD into their own tools and systems.  These procurement systems can in turn be interconnected with  eCertis, so both buyers and tenderers know exactly which certificates have to be provided by winning tenderers. This is especially helpful in the case of cross border tenders.

Connecting ESPD services, eCertis and national registries can enable buyers to check the eligibity of tenderers directly (depending on permissions), which greatly reduces the administrative burden on both buyers and tenderers, in particular SME’s.

The work managed by the Publications Office of the EU and funded by DEP on the ESPD-EDM continues to evolve with the core vocabularies, e-Certis, eForms and the eProcurement ontology.  The interconnection of these artefacts provides the semantic base required for the interoperability and reuse of data across procurement systems within  the Single Digital Market.

Regarding the evolving and changing societal demand in the context of (1) the potential long-term impacts of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), (2) the uncertainty on opening the logistic and communication infrastructure after the Nagorno Karabach 2nd war, and (3) emerging technological developments, the proposed paper aims to support good governance and addresses policymakers of internationalization on local levels. This requires the identification of dynamic decision-making needs and demands of local actors and society as well as the facilitation of efficient and impactful policy decisions about cooperation and partnership.

The paper focuses on identifying spatial administration tools needs and the potential responses through modernization in the sense of data-driven solutions to achieve internationalization, as well as social, economic, and ecological sustainability by supporting policymakers.

Within this paper, the methods, tools and activities will be described for local governance bodies of Armenia to provide spatial administration as part of their actions. Data-driven approach will be used by the local actors, including municipalities and civil society organizations, to support inter-municipal cooperation in order to hence into new levels of public modernization. Moreover, the digitalization of the local governance systems of Armenia will create an improved environment of internationalization and competitiveness.

The paper intends to develop local area governance knowledge for policymakers to provide (1) public modernization at local levels, (2) data-driven strategic development on internationalization, and (3) the establishment of spatial partnerships and cooperation concepts based on common approaches and global connectivity.

At ENDORSE 2021 the SEMIC Linked Data Event Streams specification was introduced. In this talk, I will give an update of the adoption of the specification, its adoption, and the tooling that has become available until now.

The preparation and management of open data initiatives obliges organizations to compile an internal data catalog and document the status, structure and details about data that is about to be published on open data portals.

Data portal software (CKAN being the most prominent one) often lack capabilities of documenting internals of comprehensive data catalogs, including data that probably will never be published, and supporting the processes around preparation and publishing.

The OGD Cockpit is a solution based on open source software. It is an example of how Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) can be used for managing semantically enriched content, re-using the DCAT-AP vocabulary. The OGD Cockpit implements the process of collecting information about datasets including eight criteria for internal data monitoring as described in the Open Government Implementation Model.

In the presentation, the OGD Cockpit will be shown and the general capability of making use of DCAT-AP (or other) vocabulary in SMW will be demonstrated.

Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an open-source knowledge management system built around the ecosystem of MediaWiki (the wiki software that powers Wikipedia). The strengths of MediaWiki as open-source wiki engine, collaboratively adding internal documentation around datasets is enhanced by semantics. Together with other open-source-extensions SMW can be built into a tool for managing and maintaining internal data catalogs in internal systems and providing the metadata to be harvested by open data portals which can then consume the disclosed part of the catalog.

Open dissemination of public administration data is critical to ensure transparency and accountability of policy actions and empower citizens in democratic processes. While much of EU data is available in textual format, the Publications Office of the EU has also made openly available most of this structured data using web semantic technologies and links in graphs using linked open data (LOD).

However, for end-users, including experts, linked open data is still difficult to navigate. Users have little knowledge of the richness of EU data because the existing web interfaces show very few links between collections and non-official data (e.g., Wikidata). This prevents broader use of the linked open data.

To overcome the issue, the tool VINALOD (Visualisation and navigation of linked open data) offers a user-friendly and intuitive visual data exploration tool that allows to navigate directly in knowledge graph and therefore to be able to see links between collections.

With the VINALOD tool, you can explore LOD without the necessity to know SPARQL syntax or data models and ontologies of different datasets. It allows you to explore this big amount of information and quickly get an idea of what is ‘important’ and ‘significant’ as well as display the data in different ways and navigate between elements of the graphs.

Linked Data needs links to shared definitions for places, person, topic, events, and so on. At the Dutch Digital Heritage Network (NDE) we developed a finding aid for registrations system which helps data maintainers to quickly find URIs for the strings in their data. This generic tool, the Network-of-Terms, uses SPARQL to search in real time for relevant definitions in multiple sources. It offers a GraphQL API for implementation in registration systems and a Reconcilation API for bulk processing. It is already implemented in a number of commercial and open source collection management systems.

In the Dutch Digital Heritage Network (NDE) we encourage cultural institutions to publish their data as Linked Data and assign standardized terms to their digital heritage information. It is quite a challenge for institutions to reuse these terms because the sources in which the terms are managed — such as thesauri and reference lists — have different API protocols and data models.

The Network of Terms removes these barriers. It is a service that searches Linked Data sources in a federative way. It has a unified GraphQL API that institutions can query using SKOS. It then searches the terminology sources for matching terms – real time, with SPARQL. We think the Network of Terms has potential for use in other Linked Data oriented domains and we would like to present our tool to the audience.

One important problem that affects Public Administration is the effect "vendor lock in". This is the situation created by the acquisition of products and services that are heavily dependent of proprietary solutions, i.e. non-standard. Moreover, this effect is tightly related to legal and organisational constraints that have a strong impact on the Digital Public Services consumed by the Administrations to the citizens and businesses.

The Interoperable Europe Action has developed four solutions that can be seen as fundamental reference data for portfolio managers, ICT procurers, solution architects and inspection bodies to check what solutions fit best their purposes and are aligned with the European strategies and Law.

These four solutions (and Solutions-as-Services) are CAMSS (Common Assessment Method for Standards and Specifications),   EIRA, eGovERA and ELIS (the EIRA Library of Interoperability Specifications, which links standards to building blocks and to assessments).
The use of these products/services of the European Commission by the Member States has been accumulating reference data and rich datasets that are publicly available from the Publications Office of the European Union.

The European Data Strategy describes the vision of a common European data space, in which data could be used irrespective of its physical location of storage in the European Union in compliance with applicable law.
The presentation illustrates a use case depicting a successful collaboration between two directorate-generals of the European Commission with positive and reusable results for the benefits of the statistical community and beyond.
Eurostat has a high level of knowledge and experience in the development of classifications and is the custodian of several sectoral and transversal European statistical classifications.
Since the early 2000s, statistical classifications and their correspondence tables used to produce European Statistics had been disseminated via RAMON, the “Eurostat Reference And Management of Nomenclatures” platform. Alongside the phasing-out of the platform hosting RAMON, Eurostat seized the opportunity converting its statistical classifications into RDF format and exposing them as Linked Open Data by the means of corporate semantic tools offered by the Publications Office of the European Union (OP) to make them widely reusable by the stakeholders in the European Statistical System.
On the other hand, OP proposes a set of services for the creation and maintenance of controlled vocabularies, and uses the Cellar, a common data repository to store and disseminate digital publications and metadata to be used by humans and machines. While the Cellar is based on semantic technologies, most controlled vocabularies used at OP and beyond are maintained, stored, disseminated and visualised using semantic applications further developed under the lead of OP.